Infection in blood stream. Premature sudden cardiac death. Low platelet count. Impaired vision. Loss of eyesight. Poor vision. Do you have more information about symptoms of this disease? We want to hear from you. Do you have updated information on this disease? Cause Cause. In many cases, no particular trigger of any kind is identified. Cough and cold medications. Medications used to treat seizures , such as carbamazepine , lamotrigine , and phenytoin.
Allopurinol , which is used to treat kidney stones and a form of arthritis called gout. Nevirapine , which is used to treat HIV infection. Many people with the condition report a recent upper respiratory tract infection. Bacterial infections such as strep, diphtheria , Brucellosis , Mycobacteria , and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The incidence of the condition among people with HIV is about times greater than among people in the general population.
Having cancer. Having a weakened immune system. Treatment Treatment. When the diagnosis is confirmed, the extent of the disease should be determined quickly so that the most appropriate place for treatment can be decided.
Several studies show that the chance of recovery is better for those moved promptly to a burn care unit or intensive care unit. Treatment should ideally be managed by a team of doctors experienced in treating the condition. Eye inflammation can worsen quickly within a few days, so daily eye evaluations by an ophthalmologist and aggressive treatment are needed.
Treatment depends on the extent of eye involvement and may involve any of several strategies either alone or in combination, including: [4] [6] Saline rinses to clean the eyes and eyelids. Lubrication multiple times per day with preservative-free eye drops or ointments including for those with no apparent eye involvement.
Eye medicines with topical corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Amniotic membrane transplantation AMT to try to prevent vision loss and complications involving the mucous membranes. Some people need multiple procedures.
The amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of the placenta, and can been used as a graft or dressing to aid in repairing the surface of the eyes and promote healing. Beyond supportive care, various therapies have been tried by doctors, including systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immune globulin IVIG , cyclosporine , plasmapheresis , and anti-tumor necrosis factor TNF monoclonal antibodies.
However, with the exception of thalidomide which was found to be harmful , none have been adequately studied in randomized trials. There is, however, increasing evidence that cyclosporine may slow the progression of the condition.
Prognosis Prognosis. The long-term outlook and chance of recovery varies from person to person. Regrowth of the affected skin typically occurs in two to three weeks, but recovery can take weeks to months, depending on the severity of symptoms.
Feelings of overwhelming tiredness may persist for months. Depression may also develop. For some, complications may develop within weeks to months of an acute episode, and there may be long-term complications involving the skin and affected mucous membranes, which can severely impact quality of life.
However recurrent episodes due to different medications or infections have also been reported. The most common causes of death include sepsis , acute respiratory distress syndrome , and multiple organ failure. Find a Specialist Find a Specialist. Healthcare Resources To find a medical professional who specializes in genetics, you can ask your doctor for a referral or you can search for one yourself. You can also learn more about genetic consultations from MedlinePlus Genetics.
Research Research. Clinical Research Resources ClinicalTrials. Click on the link to go to ClinicalTrials. Please note: Studies listed on the ClinicalTrials. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare provider before choosing to participate in any clinical study. Learn More Learn More. Where to Start MayoClinic. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers. In-Depth Information Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free. Some patients may also develop lung problems that lead to acute respiratory failure.
In about half of its occurrences, as indicated by Merckmanuals. It can also be caused as a side effect of a bacterial infection or vaccination.
When it comes to an outbreak in the pediatric population, the precursor is almost always an infection. Sometimes, it is difficult across the age spectrum to identify the cause of the condition. According to Merckmanuals. SJS generally affects small patches of skin and mucous membranes amounting to roughly ten percent of the body.
Of course, the greater the involvement, the more danger to the patient. The Merckmanuals. This may mean stopping certain medications or treating an underlying infection. After the cause of SJS is managed, doctors will focus on replenishing fluids, taking care of healing skin, and making sure that the eyes are taken care of.
Treatment may take weeks or months. Since the affected skin must be shed and underlying tissue strengthened, the inpatient level of treatment usually occurs within the confines of a hospital burn unit.
During treatment, physicians may immune globulin, do a blood plasma exchange, or offer cyclosporine to reduce the time span of active skin blistering. While being treated, patients may be in the hospital for two to four weeks. In severe cases, treatment may take months — especially if complications such as sepsis, fluid in the lungs, and organ failure arise. The death rate is five percent of patients across the age spectrum, as indicated by Merckmanuals.
In terms of TEN, 25 percent of adults who contract the syndrome may succumb and this figure increases in older populations. The childhood mortality rate is under ten percent. Patients will recover from Stevens Johnson syndrome and TEN quickly if they are young and healthy, but the entire year after developing either condition is filled with risk regardless of overall health. Even if patients undergo treatment and the relevant condition is cured, they may still deal with symptoms for years due to the damage Stevens Johnson syndrome or TENS can cause.
Long term symptoms may include:. Symptoms may vary depending on how early the condition was caught and how long severe symptoms lasted before they were resolved. If you or a loved one developed a Lamictal rash or other serious Lamictal side effects, you may qualify to pursue compensation by filing a Lamictal lawsuit. See if you qualify by filling out the short form on this page.
Severe cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome may need to be treated in an intensive care unit ICU or burns unit. But it can sometimes be difficult to determine which medication is causing it, so stopping all non-essential medications may be recommended.
Once the cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been identified and successfully treated in the case of an infection , or stopped in the case of medication , the skin reaction will stop. New skin may start to grow after a few days. But the length of time it takes to recover from Stevens-Johnson syndrome will depend on how severe it is, and it can sometimes take many weeks or months to fully recover. It's common to feel tired and lack energy for several weeks after being discharged.
If the cause was an adverse reaction to medication, you'll need to avoid that medication and possibly other similar medications for the rest of your life.
As Stevens-Johnson syndrome severely affects the skin and mucous membranes, it can cause a number of complications. Problems with the sexual organs, such as vaginal stenosis narrowing of the vagina caused by a build-up of scar tissue and scarring of the penis, is also a possible complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
If Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been caused by an adverse reaction to a medication, you'll need to avoid taking this medication and other similar medications. Other family members may also want to avoid using the medication in case there's a genetic susceptibility within your family. If you have had Stevens-Johnson syndrome in the past and your doctor thinks you're at risk of getting it again in the future, you'll be warned to look out for the symptoms.
If you're of Chinese, southeast Asian or Indian descent, genetic testing may be recommended before taking medications known to have an associated risk of causing Stevens-Johnson syndrome, such as carbamazepine and allopurinol.
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